2008+-+5*+Physics+HP

=America's Next Top Science Rockers!!=

Topics we should learn about/Topics to discuss
1 - How to describe a wave 2 - types of instruments 3- Material that improve sound quality and affect the speed of sound 4- How to manipulate sound 5- How do you tune an instrument? 6- How frequency affects tone? Relation to sound and pitch? What determines these? 7- Resonance 8- What is the formula for placing holes and tension? 9- Music Theory (notes, scales and harmonies) 10- Relation of notes to each other and how the instrument creates each particular note. 11- How the size of the chamber affects output. 12- Do you have to use brass to make a trumpet? 13- Difference between sound-making abilities of classes of instrument 14- Electronics/Amplifiers/Acoustics. 15- How overtones factor in. 16- Why intervals are minor, major, or perfect 17- How speech works 18- How do we perceive sound? 19- How do valves change pitch? 20- How does filling a bottle with water change its pitch? 21- Sound created in different mediums. 22- What role does vibration play? 23- How do we measure sound? 24- Origins of Western musical theory 25- String gauge and tension. How it affects sound output? 26- Recognizing notes. 27- How big a range do our instruments need? (at least 5 notes)

Notes from class/What we have learned so far
4/1 - frequency= velocity/wavelength - when moving to the next harmonic add ½ wave within the length. And frequency increases by ½ - Closed pipe fundamental ¼ wavelength - open pipe fundamental ½ wavelength - the end of the pipe or string sets boundary condition (anti-node or node) - within a bounded pipe/string only certain frequencies create standing waves - standing waves seem louder and fuller in tone - mouth acts as a chamber that lengthens or shortens to change frequency and pitch.

3/21 blue sheet given out looked at instruments, pics vids nodes, antinodes, overtones looked at guitar and discussed how it worked

3/20 HW: Read 11.7-11.8 Do: Q 16,17, P 29-31, 34 (Due 3/21) link to honors problems (for those without the right book): http://ronnebergscience.com/physics/documents/waves_sound/ch11%20probs.pdf

frequency has an inverse relationship to wavelength tension has a positive correlation to wave speed these have no effect on speed: amplitude, longitudinal vs transverse waves, frequency.

standing waves: increase in frequency increases number of standing waves (decrease wavelength)

today we did a lab that helped us discover how tension and length affect sound and pitch.

Principles: - smaller shorter and higher tension things produce higher pitch - and vice versa - if more mass is moved there is lower pitch -water absorbs vibrations -larger things are typically louder because there is more space to resonate - wider things have more mass and therefore produce lower pitch - more energy produces higher volume - sound is the movement of air as a result of vibrations

3/18 wave properties -wavelength (lambda) -amplitude (A) -frequency - (f), Hz -wave speed (v) hard to measure, need to check tomorrow: doesn't change with amplitude, wavelength, duration of pulse

3/17 Replace this text with all the interesting things we discussed

Who is building what
This is a list of who is building what, so if you are building something similar, you can discuss ideas or problems with them

Wind Instruments
Clarinet-Mia I.