2008+-+3*+physics+P

=America's Next Top Science Rockers!!=

Topics we should learn about/Topics to discuss
1 - How to describe a wave 2 -Types of instruments 3- Why are speakers concave? 4- How do you tune an instrument? 5- Musical scales 6- Physics based organology (how sounds are created based on the state of matter) 7- Wavelength 8-Frequency 9-Music theory 10-Pitch 11-Vibrations 12-Acoustics 13-Frequencies corresponding to A-G notes 14-Tube diameter/length effect on wavelength/frequency 15-String tension effect pitch 16-Closed/open tube effect on pitch 17-Trig/math concepts 18-Tool use 19-What kind of materials make the best sound? 20-How certain instruments work, how to keep them in tune 21-how instruments create vibrations 22-music applications 23-wavelength-pitch connection 24-speed of vibration affect sound 25-how do you change the type of sound that your instrument makes (tones) 26- how do you make unpleasant/pleasant sounds 27-resonance and overtones 28- available materials 29-previous successful instruments 30- music styles matched to instruments? 31- aaand extra credit for chris!! don't forget

Notes from class/What we have learned so far

 * 4/3**

61% of the radius of the pipe is the end effect. For a transverse wave, molecule movement and wave velocity are perpendicular. Longitudinal move in the same direction. Sound waves are longitudinal. For strings, L1/L2 = F2/F1. When it’s an open end, it has a soft reflection that extend past the end of the tube. Different materials have different sound speeds. L= Sq. Rt [Pi(v)(k)(m)^2 / 8F] When you make a wind instrument you have to account for the cork length.

Fundamental: L= .5 λ (on a string) Harmonics As we go up a harmonic we add half a wavelength, freq. increases by 2 f= v/λ overtones
 * 4/1**

3/21 HW: start thinking about type of instrument and design plans

We discussed nodes, antinodes, overtones, how a guitar amplifies sound. handed out blue sheet, looked at examples of instruments. listened to frequency spectrum.

3/20 Hw: read 25.2-25.6, do 6-11, 23, 24-30 Superposition-Addition of wave forms when in the same place Standing Waves- Traveling Waves Tension-Effects wave speed (positive affect) Wave Speed- Not effected by frequency, distance traveled, wavelength, amplitude of wave Higher pitch= lower volume Smaller objects produce higher notes, smaller volume produces a higher pitch. Liquids absorb vibrations, can also show wave forms vibrations produce sounds Greater tension produces higher pitch Amount of mass can also affect pitch

3/18 wavelength = distance from 1 point on wave to same point on next wave. frequency = waves per second, inverse of period amplitude = height from middle to top period = time for 1 wave, inverse of freq. speed of wave = velocity, distance/time. tomorrow we will measure wave speed 3/17 Introduction Nature of Sound Sound vs Noise Name that tune HW: 5 things/topics/questions that we need to learn about to be successful in building an instrument. Write everything you know about right now about each topic.

Who is building what
This is a list of who is building what, so if you are building something similar, you can discuss ideas or problems with them